Ternary lithium battery is named because its cathode material is composed of metal elements such as nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co) and manganese (Mn). As a new type of lithium ion battery, ternary lithium battery has been widely used in electric vehicles, portable electronic equipment, energy storage systems and other fields. Its voltage characteristics are an important basis for understanding and using ternary lithium batteries. This article will briefly introduce the voltage of ternary lithium batteries.

I. Basic structure of ternary lithium battery

the basic structure of ternary lithium battery mainly includes positive electrode, negative electrode, electrolyte and isolating membrane. The cathode material is formed by different combinations of nickel, cobalt and manganese, in which the proportion of nickel is usually higher to increase the energy density. The negative electrode is generally made of graphite material. Electrolyte is dissolved by lithium salt in organic solvent to realize lithium ion conduction. This structure enables the ternary lithium battery to work under higher voltage, thus providing higher energy output.

II. Nominal voltage of ternary lithium battery

the nominal voltage of ternary lithium battery is generally 3.6V to 3.7V. This voltage range is determined by the electrochemical characteristics of its cathode material. Nominal voltage refers to the average value of the voltage under a certain load during the discharge of the battery. In practical application, the voltage of ternary lithium battery can be adjusted according to the specific chemical composition and design, but the nominal voltage of most commercial ternary lithium batteries is concentrated in this range.

III. Charging and discharging voltage

1. Charging voltage

during the charging process, the voltage of ternary lithium battery will gradually increase. In order to ensure the safety and performance of the battery, the charging voltage is usually limited to about 4.2V. This is because exceeding this voltage may lead to overcharging of the battery, thus causing thermal runaway or other potential safety hazards. Therefore, the charging device General design automatically stops charging when it reaches 4.2V to protect the safety of the battery.

2. Discharge voltage

during the discharge process, the voltage of the ternary lithium battery will gradually decrease. Under normal circumstances, the discharge cut-off voltage is generally set between 3.0V and 3.2V. Lower than this voltage may affect the performance and life of the battery, so care should be taken to avoid excessive discharge in use. Many battery management systems (BMS) monitor the discharge voltage of the battery to ensure that the battery works within a safe range.

IV. Factors affecting voltage

the voltage of ternary lithium battery is affected by many factors, including:

1. Temperature

temperature it has a significant impact. In the high temperature environment, the internal resistance of the battery decreases and the voltage may rise slightly. However, in the low temperature environment, the reaction rate of the battery slows down and the voltage may drop. Therefore, the change of temperature needs to be taken into consideration during the use of the battery to ensure that the battery runs in the best state.