Lithium ion batteries are widely used in various electronic products and power tools, ensuring their safety and performance stability has become the focus of industry attention. China's national standard GB 18287 "safety requirements and test methods for lithium ion storage battery pack and battery pack for electric tools" is the key safety standard for lithium ion batteries for electric tools, the safety performance index and test method of battery pack and battery pack are specified. This article will introduce the main test items in GB 18287 standard in detail to help relevant enterprises and technicians understand the specific requirements of this standard in depth.

I. Overview of GB 18287 standard

GB 18287 standard is mainly aimed at lithium ion battery packs and battery packs used in electric tools, covering testing requirements in design safety, electrical safety, mechanical strength, environmental adaptability and protective performance. The standard aims to ensure the safety of batteries under normal use and abnormal conditions and prevent combustion, explosion or other dangerous accidents through a number of strict test items.

II. Main test items of GB 18287

GB 18287 standard has designed a number of test items, covering battery pack safety performance in various extreme environments and use conditions. The following are the specific contents and purposes of important test items in the standard.

1. Appearance inspection

visual inspection is a preliminary quality assessment of battery pack and battery pack. It mainly checks whether the overall structure of battery pack is complete, without obvious mechanical damage, cracks, leakage and other defects. This test ensures that subsequent safety tests are conducted on samples that meet the basic quality.

2. Charge and discharge performance test

this test project aims to detect whether the charging and discharging performance of battery pack meets the design requirements. The battery capacity, internal resistance change, cycle life and other parameters are evaluated through the charging and discharging rate and cycle times specified in the standard to ensure stable and reliable battery performance.

3. Overcharge test

the overcharge test is used to simulate the safety performance of the battery under abnormal charging conditions. By applying voltage to the battery under the condition of exceeding the rated voltage, it is detected whether abnormal heating, bulging, leakage, explosion and other dangerous phenomena occur in the battery. This test verifies the effectiveness of the battery protection circuit and material design.

4. Over-discharge test

the over-discharge test simulates the safety of the battery under the condition of over-discharge. Observe whether the battery has performance degradation or potential safety hazard by reducing the battery voltage to less than final voltage of the rated discharge. This test helps to ensure that the battery will not be damaged or cause safety problems under extreme discharge conditions.

5. Short circuit test

the short circuit test tests the safety performance of the battery under the condition of short circuit by applying a low impedance connection between the positive and negative poles of the battery. Focus on observing whether the battery is overheated, burned or exploded. This test is an important basis for judging whether the internal protection mechanism and safety design of the battery are reasonable.

6. Extrusion test

the extrusion test simulates the safety of the battery under mechanical compression. Use pressure nozzle of the specified size to apply a specified pressure to the battery to detect whether the battery has structural damage, internal short circuit, or other potential safety hazards. The extrusion test reflects the mechanical strength and compression resistance of the battery.

7. Mechanical impact test

the purpose of mechanical impact test is to evaluate the safety of the battery when it is impacted during transportation or use. By exerting impact of specific strength and direction, check whether the battery is damaged or safe. This test ensures that the battery has sufficient anti-vibration capability.

8. Mechanical vibration test

vibration test simulates that the battery is affected by vibration for a long time in the transportation and use environment. By specifying the frequency and amplitudeVibration Test, check the stability of battery structure and connection, and prevent performance degradation or safety problems caused by vibration.

9. Temperature cycle test

the temperature cycle test tests the performance and safety of the battery under the environment of dramatic temperature changes by repeatedly changing between high temperature and low temperature. This test evaluates the thermal stability and structural adaptability of battery materials to ensure the reliability of the battery under various climatic conditions.

10. High temperature storage test

the high temperature storage test investigated the storage stability of the battery in high temperature environment. By placing it under the specified high temperature conditions for a long time, observe the change of battery capacity, appearance and safety performance, and verify the high temperature resistance of battery materials and designs.

11. Heat abuse test

thermal abuse tests simulate the safety performance of batteries in extreme thermal environments. The thermal safety protection design of the battery is evaluated by heating the battery to a condition higher than the normal working temperature to detect whether the battery is out of control, burned or exploded.

12. Acupuncture test

<span style = "font-size: 14px;"> acupuncture test is an extreme test to the internal safety of the battery. By inserting thin needle into the battery, simulate internal short circuit and detect whether fire or explosion is caused. This test can reveal the safety risks of batteries under severe mechanical damage.

13. Water shower test

water shower test simulates the protective performance of the battery in rain or humid environment. Water spray detection with specified intensity battery the sealing and waterproof performance of the shell ensures that the battery does not have short circuit or performance degradation in humid environment.

14. Insulation test

insulation test is used to measure the insulation resistance of battery pack to ensure sufficient electrical isolation between the battery shell and the internal circuit to prevent electric shock risk and electrical failure.

15. Sign and instruction check

this project checks whether the logo on battery pack meets the standard requirements, including capacity, rated voltage, manufacturer information and safety warning, to ensure that users can use the battery correctly and safely.