With the widespread popularity of portable electronic devices, lithium-ion batteries, as the main power source, have become the mainstream of the market due to their advantages of high energy density, long service life and environmental protection. However, the safety and performance standards of lithium ion batteries are particularly important, which are related to the quality of products, the safety of users and the standard development of the industry. This paper systematically summarizes the main national standards (hereinafter referred to as "national standard") for portable lithium ion batteries in China at present to help relevant enterprises and technicians fully understand the relevant specifications and requirements.

I. Definition and application scope of portable lithium ion batteries

portable lithium-ion batteries usually refer to lithium-ion secondary batteries used in portable electronic devices such as mobile phones, notebook computers, digital cameras, mobile power supplies, etc. This kind of battery has become the preferred power source for modern portable devices due to its light weight, large capacity, high charging and discharging efficiency and so on. In order to ensure its safety and reliability, the state has formulated a series of standards for its design, manufacture, testing and transportation.

II. Summary of relevant national standards for portable lithium ion batteries

1.GB 31241-2014 safety requirements for lithium ion batteries for portable electronic products

this is currently the most representative safety standard for lithium-ion batteries in China, which is specially formulated for lithium-ion batteries (including cell and battery packs) used in portable electronic products. The standard covers the basic technical requirements of battery design, performance, testing methods and safety assurance.

The implementation of GB 31241-2014 has effectively improved the safety performance of portable lithium ion batteries and reduced the safety risks during use.

2. GB/T 18287-2013 portable lithium ion battery pack performance requirements and test methods

this standard mainly focuses on the performance index and test method of portable lithium ion battery pack, emphasizing the overall performance of battery pack.

• Scope of Application: Applicable to rated voltage not exceeding 60V portable lithium ion battery pack.
• Main content:
  • the capacity, internal resistance, charge-discharge efficiency and other performance indicators of the battery pack;
  • charge and discharge cycle life test;
  • overcharge and overdischarge protection function test;
  • safety performance test, including short circuit, mechanical impact, etc.

This standard provides a specific test method for the performance verification of the battery pack to ensure the stability and safety of the battery pack in practical application.

3. GB/T 31467.3-2015 safety requirements and test methods for power battery pack and System Part 3: lithium ion power battery for portable applications

although this standard mainly focuses on power batteries, the part about portable applications has guiding significance for the safety test of portable lithium ion batteries, especially in the aspect of safety performance test.

• Main content:
  • safety requirements for battery pack design;
  • mechanical, environmental and electrical safety testing methods;
  <li> evaluation and protective measures of thermal runaway of battery pack.

The reference application of this standard is helpful to improve the safety boundary of portable lithium ion batteries.

4.GB 31241 related supporting standards and test methods

for GB 31241 standard test projects, China has also formulated a number of supporting standards, specifying the test equipment, methods and conditions, including but not limited:

• GB/T 31485-2015 safety performance requirements and test methods for lithium ion power batteries and battery packs: although partial power batteries, some test methods are applicable to portable batteries;
• GB/T 31467.1-2015 safety requirements and test methods for lithium ion power batteries and battery packs Part 1: battery cells;
• GB/T 31467.2-2015 safety requirements and test methods for lithium ion power batteries and battery packs Part 2: battery packs and systems;

these standards provide technical support and method basis for the safety performance test of portable lithium ion batteries.

this standard is applicable to all kinds of portable batteries, including lithium ion batteries, and specifies safety design, structure and testing requirements. Although it was released earlier, it is still a reference standard for some portable batteries.

6. GB/T 35590-2017 lithium ion battery cell performance test method

this standard describes in detail the performance test procedures of lithium ion battery cell, including capacity test, internal resistance test, charge and discharge cycle, etc. It is suitable for performance evaluation of portable lithium battery cell cell.

III. Main test contents of national standard of portable lithium ion battery

the test content of national standard for portable lithium ion batteries mainly includes the following aspects:

1. Electrical performance test

• capacity Test: measure the actual capacity of the battery under standard conditions to verify whether it meets the design index;
• internal resistance test: Evaluate the internal resistance of the battery and reflectThe health status and instantaneous discharge capability of the battery;
• charge/discharge cycle life: simulate the working life of the battery and detect its capacity retention rate and performance attenuation.

2. Security performance test

• overcharge test: check the safety performance of the battery when it exceeds the rated charging voltage;
• over-discharge test: verify whether the battery can be automatically protected during excessive discharge;
• short circuit test: Test the short circuit resistance and thermal runaway risk of the battery through artificial short circuit;
• mechanical Testing: including extrusion, puncture, impact and vibration tests, simulating the mechanical stress of the battery in transportation and use;
• hot abuse test: such as high-temperature storage, high-temperature charging and discharging, and thermal shock testing, to evaluate the safety of the battery at extreme temperatures.

3. Identification and specification requirements

the standard also puts forward clear requirements for the identification and specification of battery products to ensure that users can accurately understand the performance parameters, operating conditions and safety precautions of the battery.

4. Portable lithium ion battery the importance of national standard implementation

the implementation of national standards not only helps to ensure product quality and user safety, but also improves the market competitiveness of enterprises. Design and Test in strict accordance with the national standard can effectively reduce the potential safety hazards caused by battery accidents and ensure the stability and reliability of portable electronic devices during use.

As an indispensable power component of modern electronic equipment, the safety and performance standards of portable lithium ion batteries are directly related to product quality and user experience. For portable lithium ion batteries in China, a series of national standards including GB 31241-2014 have been formulated, covering design, safety, performance and testing. These standards provide clear technical specifications and testing methods for the industry, ensuring the safe use and quality control of lithium ion batteries.