Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in mobile phones, electric vehicles, energy storage equipment and other fields due to their high energy density, long service life and environmental protection characteristics. In order to ensure the safety, performance and reliability of lithium ion batteries, many test standards have been formulated in the industry. These standards cover battery performance testing, safety testing, environmental adaptability testing and other aspects, ensuring that lithium ion batteries can work stably and safely in various use scenarios. This article will systematically introduce the current mainstream lithium ion battery testing standards and their core contents to help readers fully understand the technical specifications of lithium battery testing.

I. Importance of lithium ion battery testing standards

there are potential risks such as overcharge, overdischarge, short circuit, overheating and so on during the use of lithium ion batteries. If the tests are insufficient, safety accidents may occur. The formulation of test standards not only provides the technical basis for the design and manufacture of battery manufacturers, but also provides the basis for the supervision agencies to conduct quality inspection, which is also an important guarantee to ensure the safety of consumers.

Through unified testing methods and indicators, the testing standards ensure that lithium ion batteries of different batches and brands have consistent quality and safety performance, and promote the healthy development of the battery industry.

II. International mainstream lithium ion battery testing standards

1. IEC 62133

IEC 62133 it is a standard issued by the International Electrotechnical Commission (International Electrotechnical Commission) on the safety requirements of portable sealed secondary batteries and is widely used in the safety testing of lithium ion batteries.

• Test Content: including electrical performance, overcharge, overdischarge short circuit, thermal abuse, mechanical abuse (impact, extrusion, puncture), etc.
• Scope of Application: covers lithium-ion batteries used in portable electronic devices.
• Significance: The battery tested by this standard can ensure that no explosion or fire occurs under normal use and abnormal conditions, and ensure the safety of users.

2. UN 38.3

UN recommendation 38.3, referred to as UN 38.3, is a test standard for the safety of lithium battery transportation.

• Test items: including high simulation test, vibration test, impact test, thermal test, short circuit test, overcharge test and forced discharge test.
• Purpose: ensure that the lithium ion battery will not cause safety accidents due to external impact or environmental changes during transportation.
• Application: all international shipping and logistics must comply with UN38.3 standard, relevant test reports shall be provided when lithium battery products are exported.

3. UL 1642 and UL 2054

the standard issued by Underwriters Laboratories (Underwriters Laboratories,UL) is an important reference for safety testing of lithium ion batteries.

• UL 1642: Focus on lithium-ion battery monomer safety testing, covering electrical, mechanical and environmental abuse testing.
• UL 2054: according to the safety requirements of battery pack and battery system, the test content is more systematic.
• Features: emphasize the durability and safety of the battery, which is widely accepted by the North American market.

4. GB/T 31485

this is China's national standard for testing the safety performance of power lithium ion batteries.

• Test Range: including battery overcharge, overdischarge, short circuit, thermal abuse and mechanical strength test.
• Features: combined with domestic battery application practice,Suitable for new energy vehicles and energy storage fields.
• Significance: it is an important basis for domestic lithium ion battery safety testing and promotes the standardization process of China's lithium battery industry.

III. Main test items and standard requirements of lithium ion batteries

lithium Ion battery test the standard covers the performance, life, safety and environmental adaptability of the battery. The main test items are as follows:

1. Performance test

• capacity Test: measure the actual discharge capacity of the battery and check whether its energy storage capacity is up to standard.
• Cycle Life Test: repeatedly charge and discharge to evaluate the life cycle of the battery. Common standards require that the capacity retention rate reaches the specified standard after the cycle life of the battery reaches a certain number of times.
• Internal resistance test: Measure the AC internal resistance of the battery to reflect its health status and performance degradation.

2. Security testing

• Overcharge test: simulate the performance of the battery when it exceeds the designed charging voltage, and check whether there will be risks such as fever, expansion or explosion.
• Over-release test: test the safety performance of the battery under the condition of excessive discharge.
• Short circuit test: artificially made battery positive and negative electrode short circuit, observe the battery reaction to ensure that it will not cause fire or explosion.
• Hot abuse test: test the heat resistance and safety of the battery by heating the battery to high temperature.
• Mechanical abuse test: Including impact, extrusion, puncture, etc., to simulate the physical damage that the battery may suffer during transportation or use.
• External short circuit and extrusion test: evaluate the safety performance of the battery during external short circuit or extrusion.

3. Environmental adaptability test

• temperature cycle test: The performance stability of the battery under high and low temperature cycling conditions.
• High and low temperature storage test: evaluate the performance changes of the battery after storage under extreme temperature conditions.
• Damp heat test: Test the corrosion resistance and safety of the battery in high humidity environment.

lithium ion battery manufacturing enterprises usually need to pass the certification of a third-party testing organization to ensure that the products meet the above standards. Passing certification is not only a necessary condition to enter the international market, but also can enhance consumers' trust in product safety.

• Certification process: including sample submission, testing, report issuance and quality system audit.
• Detection mechanism: Internationally renowned testing institutions such as SGS, TÜV, UL, etc. can provide relevant testing and certification services.
• Certification mark: battery products that have obtained certification are usually marked with corresponding certification marks, such as CE and UL Marks.

The test standard system of lithium ion batteries covers multiple dimensions such as performance, safety and environmental adaptability. The main standards include international IEC 62133, UN 38.3, UL /2054 and GB/T 31485 in China. These standards ensure the safety and reliability of lithium ion batteries during use and transportation through strict testing procedures.